Potential New Clock Measures Time Based on Mass
It’s part clock, part scale: A newly developed atomic clock measures time based on the mass of a single atom. The research, published online January 10 inScience, is controversial but could provide scientists with more precise methods of measuring both time and mass.
“This is the first clock based on a single particle,” says Holger Müller, a physicist at the University of California, Berkeley. “Its ticking rate is determined only by the particle’s mass.”
The idea for the clock stemmed from the quantum principle that particles also behave as waves, and vice versa. In particular, Müller and his colleagues wanted to determine how frequently the wave form of a single atom oscillates, a quantity that in quantum mechanics is inherently linked to the atom’s mass. Then the researchers could use those oscillations like swings of a pendulum to create a clock.
The snag in Müller’s plan was that it’s impossible to directly measure the oscillation frequency of waves of matter. The frequency of these waves is about 1025 hertz, 10 orders of magnitude higher than that of visible light waves. So Müller and his colleagues came up with an apparatus that creates two sets of waves — one based on a cesium atom at rest and another on the atom in motion. The researchers measured the frequency difference between the waves and then used that number, a manageable 100,000 hertz or so, to calculate the much larger oscillation frequency of cesium at rest.
With this approach, Müller was able to use the wave frequency of the cesium atom to create a clock that would gain or lose a second after eight years. That’s better than a wristwatch but about a hundred millionth as precise as today’s best atomic clocks, which count the frequency of light emissions from an atom as its electrons release small bursts of energy.
Physicists not involved with Müller’s research are impressed with his clever technique but are skeptical about its potential for precise timekeeping. “I think the paper is slightly oversold,” says Vladan Vuletić, a quantum physicist at MIT.
Other researchers have a more conceptual objection: Because there is nothing at this frequency actually oscillating within the atom, they say it is not a clock at all. “It may be a clock numerically, but it’s not a physical clock,” says Christian Bordé, a physicist at the Paris Observatory. Müller counters that the clock’s simplicity is its greatest trait: He is measuring an intrinsic quantum property of an atom, one that depends only on the atom’s mass.
In fact, this relationship between frequency and mass means Müller’s technique may prove most useful as a scale for measuring mass. Scientists define the kilogram, the base unit of mass, with a lump of metal stored in a French vault — a lump that is likely gaining heft from contamination (SN: 11/20/10, p. 12). The international General Conference on Weights and Measures, led by Bordé, wants to replace this artifact with a kilogram standard based on fundamental physical constants.
Müller says he can do just that by measuring the frequency of matter waves to accurately determine an atom’s mass. Once he finds the mass of one atom, he says, it is straightforward to relate it to the masses of other atoms. He will have a lot of convincing to do, but Müller plans to let the scientific process play out to test his ideas. “This is a concept that physicists never thought about,” he says. “This frequency wasn’t measurable until now.”
![psychedelicsexfunk:
palestinianliberator:
basedheisenberg:
priceofliberty:
A British defence company has been breached and as a result a heap of documents have been published online and now the site has gone offline.
The attack is on britam defence (homepage) and has been claimed by a hacker using the handle ‘JAsIrX’ who uploaded the leaked information to various file sharing websites and released it via a single pastebin post with the a message about the release (see bottom).
The documents come in 6 parts and total over 423MB compress zip files and inside the compress files appears to be a common layout of three main folders named !!Syria, Iran and Iraq.
Inside these appear to be documents like passports, incident reports about drunk employees which are labelled private and confidential as well.
A quick look into the files shows shocking plans for chemical warfare attacks where they have planned to lure victims to kill zones. The file can be found in the Iran folder under OPLAN (Ruhayyat) 1433H-1.doc.
Update: Full report here
Britam Defence is British private military company; they operate mainly in the Middle East and they have and still do work with Halliburton. They have killed Arabs in Iraq and these documents outline their plans to invade in Iran and Syria. Look through leaked documents carefully. CW means chemical weapon, g-shell is short for a gas shell, but I would love if someone else could confirm what this means.Help to distribute this info and let other people know about the threats. It is hopefully nothing but coincidence that many emails regarding chemical weapons and Syria are dated around December 25, 2012 - this date is the same time there were unconfirmed reports of an attack on opposition forces with chemical weapons. Even though only a few days ago, the Atlantic Wire suggested that the evidence Syria used chemical weapons is “stacking up,” these documents indicate otherwise:
File name: Sirian Issue.eml
Phil
We’ve got a new offer. It’s about Syria again. Qataris propose an attractive deal and swear that the idea is approved by Washington.We’ll have to deliver a CW to Homs, a Soviet origin g-shell from Libya similar to those that Assad should have.They want us to deploy our Ukrainian personnel that should speak Russian and make a video record.Frankly, I don’t think it’s a good idea but the sums proposed are enormous. Your opinion?
Kind regards
David
Guys, once again, spread this around. Here are the very same archives I’ve been perusing. I implore you all to take this seriously. I have long been suggested that claims made against Syria and Assad have been largely fabricated. These documents from Britam Defence show their correspondence and planning to initiate their deceptive tactics in not just Syria, but the entire Middle East.
Please share this, here is the material for yourself (get it while its still up!):
database 1 (This is for obligatory download):Password: PPyp(rKRgr^Ahttps://www.amazon.com/clouddrive/share?s=vEH3Cw-TRJ0s9H27robBKMhttp://www.mediafire.com/?348ox9d5lsh4ahehttp://www.fileserve.com/file/GbdxSs8/arch1.rarhttp://depositfiles.com/files/up8aei4lbhttp://www.divshare.com/download/23478805-db6http://www.sendspace.com/file/zbdlvjhttp://www.ziddu.com/download/21386629/arch1.rar.htmlhttp://filesave.me/file/26269/arch1-rar.htmlhttp://www.herosh.com/download/11067217/arch1.rar.html
database 2:Password: &Uw=*cK:W~’ohttps://www.amazon.com/clouddrive/share?s=dKjg1tHuTjgriosssZSNt8http://www.mediafire.com/?3rnhhz6clvdlnkvhttp://www.fileserve.com/file/TKnxWUj/arch2.rarhttp://depositfiles.com/files/n5sh9o1yohttp://www.divshare.com/download/23478838-de2http://www.sendspace.com/file/ou7o0thttp://www.ziddu.com/download/21386911/arch2.rar.htmlhttp://filesave.me/file/26274/arch2-1-rar.htmlhttp://www.herosh.com/download/11067257/arch2_1.rar.html
database 3:Password: m{x%}OdN!>E#https://www.amazon.com/clouddrive/share?s=AqmIcbxoQ40p948sOgV5mYhttp://www.mediafire.com/?ai2npvj1b8b4lk2http://www.fileserve.com/file/83YrZTR/arch3.rarhttp://depositfiles.com/files/93sukswj2http://www.sendspace.com/file/z9q0ukhttp://www.ziddu.com/download/21387030/arch3.rar.htmlhttp://filesave.me/file/26275/arch3-1-rar.htmlhttp://www.herosh.com/download/11067289/arch3_1.rar.html
TOLD YOU GUYS
EVERYONE NEEDS TO READ THIS SHIT RIGHT NOW
Holy shit, I’m downloading these right now [and so should you!]
I’d love to see some more articles on this, though, but still DAYUM
Jesus fucking Christ. Wow, I am so taken back by these findings, I am on an airplane right now (probably nooooot the best place to be downloading private military documents) but I will SO download these when I get home, this is sick, horrific, dark. I didn’t know anyone was even planning to invade Syria? Maybe I am out of the loop on that but I’ve heard nothing.](http://24.media.tumblr.com/09d0027e825b7d85d9a378e660d57e2b/tumblr_mh7eujwQRg1r7dd67o1_500.png)
